​                         Professor Francisco Leyva-León

Breathlessness (dyspnoea) can be due to a variety of causes. The first causes to consider are heart and lung conditions. Cardiac causes include:

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• Disorders of the heart muscle (cardiomyopathies and heart failure)

• Disorders of the heart valves (valvulopathies)

• Disorders of the conducting system (arrhythmias)